Two New Books on Black Incarceration

We recently noticed the publication of two new books on the history of the criminal punishment of African Americans.  Talitha L. LeFlouri, an assistant professor of history at Florida Atlantic University, has published Chained in Silence: Black Women and Convict Labor in the New South, with the University of North Carolina Press:

In 1868, the state of Georgia began to make its rapidly growing population of prisoners available for hire. The resulting convict leasing system ensnared not only men but also African American women, who were forced to labor in camps and factories to make profits for private investors. In this vivid work of history, Talitha L. LeFlouria draws from a rich array of primary sources to piece together the stories of these women, recounting what they endured in Georgia's prison system and what their labor accomplished. LeFlouria argues that African American women's presence within the convict lease and chain-gang systems of Georgia helped to modernize the South by creating a new and dynamic set of skills for black women. At the same time, female inmates struggled to resist physical and sexual exploitation and to preserve their human dignity within a hostile climate of terror. This revealing history redefines the social context of black women’s lives and labor in the New South and allows their stories to be told for the first time.

Dennis Childs, an associate professor of literature at the University of California, San Diego, has published Slaves of the State: Black Incarceration from the Chain Gang to the Penitentiary, with the University of Minnesota Press.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed in 1865, has long been viewed as a definitive break with the nation’s past by abolishing slavery and ushering in an inexorable march toward black freedom. Slaves of the State presents a stunning counterhistory to this linear narrative of racial, social, and legal progress in America.

Dennis Childs argues that the incarceration of black people and other historically repressed groups in chain gangs, peon camps, prison plantations, and penitentiaries represents a ghostly perpetuation of chattel slavery. He exposes how the Thirteenth Amendment’s exception clause—allowing for enslavement as “punishment for a crime”—has inaugurated forms of racial capitalist misogynist incarceration that serve as haunting returns of conditions Africans endured in the barracoons and slave ship holds of the Middle Passage, on plantations, and in chattel slavery.

Childs seeks out the historically muted voices of those entombed within terrorizing spaces such as the chain gang rolling cage and the modern solitary confinement cell, engaging the writings of Toni Morrison and Chester Himes as well as a broad range of archival materials, including landmark court cases, prison songs, and testimonies, reaching back to the birth of modern slave plantations such as Louisiana’s “Angola” penitentiary.

Slaves of the State paves the way for a new understanding of chattel slavery as a continuing social reality of U.S. empire—one resting at the very foundation of today’s prison industrial complex that now holds more than 2.3 million people within the country’s jails, prisons, and immigrant detention centers.

TOC after the jump.
Introduction. “Inhuman Punishment”: The (Un)dead Book of Chattel Carcerality
1. “You Ain’t Seen Nothin’ Yet”: Beloved and the Middle Passage Carceral Model
2. “Except as Punishment for a Crime”: The Thirteenth Amendment and the Rebirth of Chattel Imprisonment
3. Angola Penitentiary: The Once and Future Slave Plantation
4. The Warfare of Northern Neoslavery in Chester Himes’s Yesterday Will Make You Cry